The Funeral And Mourning Rituals Of Judaism - 1583 Words

How are the customary funeral and mourning rituals of Judaism, Protestant Christianity, Roman Catholicism, and Islam similar and different? Judaism and Islam have similar funeral practices. Both Islam and Judaism appoint the responsibilities of the burial of the deceased within their communities. Both traditions require the dead be buried as promptly as possible. It is for the body to be buried on the same day of the death. Islam and Judaism forbid embalming and routine autopsies as desecration of the dead. However, both religions consider organ donation as permissible. Muslims are strictly forbidden from the process of cremation, while Jewish rules on cremation can vary depending on the denomination. Conservative Jews oppose cremation while the process has become an increasingly more popular and acceptable practice among Reform Jews. In both religions the body is considered sacred and handled with care. Muslims are obligated to perform a procedure known as ghusl, or washing, on the body of the deceased. This procedure should be done by community members of the same gender. A deceased man should be washed by a male relative and a deceased woman by a female relative. During the procedure all clothes are removed from the body leaving the private areas covered. The deceased is then washed three times with a combination of both water and scented oils. The body is then wrapped in a plain white cloth called a kafan. The kafan is composed of three pieces of material for men and aShow MoreRelatedDeath And The After Life Essay2327 Words   |  10 Pagesculture. No one escapes death, but the ways that the following cultures view death, mourning and the after-life are very different. This paper will explore the different death and dying cultures of Judaism, Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism and Islam. Each of these cultur es shares a unique perspective on death that has withstood centuries of living. Jewish The Jewish culture is very traditional and orthodox. In Judaism, death is not a tragedy, even when it occurs early in life or through unfortunateRead MoreCultural Religious Beliefs Essay1307 Words   |  6 Pagesother. Regardless of where we live in the world, all Jews are part of a global Jewish community†. This projects a feeling that their communities have a unique respect for each other as well as themselves. Aging When reading the literature about Judaism and the Jewish culture, the Torah is mentioned frequently as a basis for teaching about life and death. Chabad.org quotes Rabbi Rebbe’s teaching, â€Å"Each additional year of life brings yield a wisdom which the most accomplished young prodigy cannotRead MoreSitting Shiva Essays1311 Words   |  6 Pagestheir faiths. Often the rituals and traditions surrounding death offer insight into other parts of the religion. Blu Greenberg writes in How to Run a Traditional Jewish Household, No matter what, each one of us will die, and just as there is a way to live as a Jew, there is a way to die and be buried as a Jew. (287) The custom of sitting Shiva is one part of dying and being buried as a Jew. Judaism considers two basic principles when the laws of death and mourning apply (Kolatch 49). TheRead MoreDeath in Cross Cultural Perspectives1927 Words   |  8 Pagesexperiences of grief are similar in many different cultures. There are different mourning ceremonies, traditions, and behaviors to express grief, but the concept of permanent loss remains unchanged in cross cultural setting. With this paper I will identify cross-cultural perspectives on death and dying, and will analyze multiple beliefs relating to death phenomenon. Furthermore I will identify different cultural mourning ceremonies and will analyze their impact on grieving process and coping mechanismsRead MoreJudaism : Christianity And Christianity1085 Words   |  5 PagesJudaism and Christianity are two of the oldest religions known to man, with both developing out of the country if Israel. One of the biggest differences between the two religions is who Christ was, and his purpose in life. However, they share c ommon ground when it comes to their belief in God and his teachings. In fact, Christianity would not exist without Judaism, as it the foundation that Christianity is based on. Judaism is the first and oldest religion, and because of this Judaism has a directRead MoreFunctions and Dysfunctions of Religion1497 Words   |  6 Pagesperson suffers they will have their faith to comfort them. The religious rituals that enshroud crucial events such as illness and death also provide emotional comfort at times or crisis. The person knows that others care and can find consolation in the familiar rituals FUNCTIONS AND DYSFUCTIONS OF RELIGION 3 (Henslin, 2009, p. 375). Judaism has an extensive amount of mourning rituals for the dead. Mourning is observed for 30 days after burial, very intensely so in the first sevenRead MoreRituals That Help Society Cope With Death Essay2270 Words   |  10 PagesRituals that Help Society Cope with Death Throughout time, people have used various mechanisms to help with the process of bereavement. These processes are defined as â€Å"death rituals†, and different cultures, societies and religions have their own specific way of experiencing these death rituals. In ways that are similar or different from one another, death rituals help with the process of coping with the loss of a dear family member, a beloved member of a religious organization, or a recognized memberRead MoreJewish Culture and Jewish Americans1400 Words   |  6 PagesSome Soviet Union Jewish immigrants speak Russian at home. Then there is the classic Hebrew language. It is encouraged to learn Hebrew as a second language. Jewish American’s vary on the religions that they follow. They tend to stick with Judaism. Judaism is when they believe in one God. Jews all over tend to believe that the Messiah (savior) hasn’t appeared yet. They live their life according to the Torah. The Torah is the first five books from the Bible or also known as the Five Books ofRead MoreThe Death Of An Individual2107 Words   |  9 Pagesthe dead individual - the function of certain rituals is to help survivors by allowing the group a â€Å"time out† period after which the group must deal with a â€Å"new normal†. Before the turn of the century, death usually took place in the home (DeSpelder, Strickland, 6). A coffin was built that was then set up in the parlor of the home. Friends, acquaintances, and other relatives would come to the family’s home to view the body and share in the act of mourning. Children even sometimes slept in the sameRead More Hinduism Vs. Judaism Essay2896 Words   |  12 Pagespresence of religion in ones life. Religion implants its principles in a person and their attitudes, personality, morals and ethics and alters it to a great extent. This essay aims to compare and contrast the basic principles Judaism and Hinduism and their religious rituals of marriage and death, also to studying how it may effect on ones personality. Hinduism is one of the oldest and most ancient religions, it is the religion of more than four-fifths of the Indian subcontinents population;

Take Home Final Exam Free Essays

The following plates will be reviewed from Rosebush’s History of Photography textbook: 1) Charles Sheller, Industry, plate #585 2) Eve Seaman, Oranges, Manhattan 1978, plate #743 3) Berne and Hill Becker, Winding Towers, plate #736 4) Aaron Siskin, New York NO. 6, 1951, plate #664 5) Lynn Cohen, Corridor, plate #700 6) Mary Ellen Mark, Tiny in her Halloween Costume, Seattle, plate #689 Charles Sheller, Industry’ Charles Seller’s image, Industry represents a time during the Industrial Age when Ford was uncompromising machinery and assembly lines were moving at a constant rate. Seller’s work can be placed in the Aesthetically Evaluative à ©tagà ¨re due to the symmetry and balance in the photograph. We will write a custom essay sample on Take Home Final Exam or any similar topic only for you Order Now The shapes and lines crisscross and work together to form a well-composed photograph. A second category to place Industry in would be Descriptive because this photograph has a certain sense of style that we cannot deny. A third category is Explanatory because the image depicts a certain era of time that significant in the history books. This era is the Industrial Age in America. Explanatory photographs are intended to document a certain way of life. Charles Seller’s Industry certainly earns a place in the history books not only because of this lance/symmetric sense of style shown in the image but it illustrates how the use of space or lack of can really accent the photograph as a whole and make it aesthetically pleasing to the eye. On the same note, during this time great changes were occurring and manufacturing was booming so kudos to the photographer, Charles Shelley, for not only capturing this in a documentary form but composing a beautiful image as well. His work would be categorized in the era of Modernist photography because of his efforts in the asses and later. His work also depicts the great changes ND during that time and changes that the Industrial Age brought about. You can see examples of this through his documentary photography of Henry Ford and his manufacturing lines. Artists involved in photographing dramatic engineering and urban landscapes can be grouped together as Protectionists. Protectionists pay special attention t geometrical structures and have a smooth handling of surfaces. They have unexpected viewpoints in the sense of angle and the way they crop their picture. Charles Demise’s idea of Cubism-geometric shapes and overlapping planeloads be found in this Protectionist form and style. Eve Seaman, Oranges, Manhattan 1978 Eve Seaman’s image can be interpretive in regards to addressing what the world views are in this photographers eyes. A category that could be used for interpreting this photograph would be Descriptive because the particular style works, being a diptych, and allows views to compare and interpret the two photographs. A second category could be Aesthetic because one looking at the photo and noting the color changes as far as shading goes on the person’s face, the change in action of the subjects in the photograph, and the existing question f â€Å"what is going on right now? † in the photograph. I also appreciate the white line in the middle of the image as a whole making it a diptych. Today there is less room between the two photos and I like the style of this one. Seaman’s image falls into the modernistic era due to the stylistic properties as far as the alteration of the image and the comparison of each to each other. Eve Seaman’s success should never be discounted and embarking on these stylistic endeavors are worth printing in the history books because of the way it was altered. Berne and Hill Becker, Winding Towers Berne and Hill Becker s Winding Towers is described to be art about art. Thomas South’s Museum Photographs is similar to the Beeches, as discussed in class. A category I would classify this piece of work would be Theoretical photography because you can Compare these Structures to social class and hierarchy because of the nature in which the tower itself is structured. It is also said that art about art is classified as Theoretical. Another category would be Explanatory because the photograph explains in a scientific sense by capturing these photos over a number of years and in owing so the photographers have created a typology of form. There is also a nice tonal range represented here so this image can also be categorized as stylistically sound or Descriptive because the piece â€Å"works†. The work can be classified as Modernist art since they create typologies of form that challenge the traditional meanings of art. Berne and Hill Becker have rightfully earned their place in the history books because of the typology documented and their technique of which to gather the information over time. All photographs are said to fit in the descriptive category, interpretive and heretical, as stated in the onset of Terry Barrette’s Criticizing Photographs, chapter 4. Since all photographs give relatively accurate information of people, places and objects, they can technically fit in the descriptive category. Moreover, all photographs can fit in the interpretive category because most photographs interpret how the photographer interprets and sees the world. Finally all photographs are influenced by other art forms so these photographs can be placed in the theoretical category. Aaron Siskin, New York No. 6 Aaron Skin’s New York No. 6 is Aesthetically Evaluative cause the lines and shapes and ongoing symmetry work together to create on cohesive piece of art. This photograph looks similar to the one of Charles Sheller, Industry because has qualities of lines, shape and form and the importance of all of these aspects fitting into one aesthetically pleasing piece of work. Feel the category of Theoretical is a fit category because it plays with perceptions of art and how the photographer interprets art but also provokes the viewer to question how the art was created. The photograph looks more like a something created with paint or Harold and less likely produced with film. Aaron Siskin, an Abstract Expressionist painter, emphasized experimentation and worked on color, multiple montages, and collages (Rosenberg 516). He was part of the post-war photograph trends in the United States. This group of artist espoused straight photography and therefore can be categorized in the Modernist era. Lynn Cohen, Corridor Lynn Cohen, Corridor can be classified as Aesthetically evaluative because you can see how the image was purposely framed cropped. I think this image ‘works’ and is successful. This image is also categorized as Descriptive cause of the artificial light and the detached distance from the subject matter pictured in the photograph. In looking at the crop of the image and how the image hold most of its weight on the right side of the photo, this image can be seen as Aesthetically evaluative because the photo is a success artistically with composition and style. In saying this, believe that this photograph should remain in the history books because it gives viewers positive insight on the importance of composition and plasticity (or the absence of) in photographs. The era this type of art is seen in is the era of modernism and more pacifically, contemporary surrealism. Mary Ellen Mark, Tiny in her Halloween Costume Mary Ellen Mark, Tiny in her Halloween Costume can be classified as Ethically Evaluative because it illustrates a certain time in this young girls life and how her life is affected by the neighborhood she lives in the peer pressure that surrounds her to fit in or not to fit in. This photograph can also be considered Interpretive because this category covers the directorial nature of the photographer with its subject matter. Mary Ellen Mark’s photograph can also be categorized as Explanatory because the image can be viewed as a sociological or anthropological perspective because it is a visual study of a Seattle area using a very documentary style of photography. This is a successful picture because it is aesthetically pleasing in that the photograph is very stylistic: the picture is in black and white so it gives off a moody vibe. Mary Ellen Mark’s photograph should remain in the history books because it provides insight on how society was during this era and the poverty that some people had to live in. Streetwise was produced during the Modernist/Post-Modernist era because he portrait is untraditional in the Pictorial sense. In other words, it’s not meant to be smoothing to the eye or flattering but more of a documentary style picture. Personal Work As a photographer, I must also be able to evaluate and categorize my own work. Not only that but it’s important to identify as to WHY we capture certain images. What is interesting about the pictures we create? If we can’t identify with or answer these questions, why would someone else care about the work or find the photographs intriguing? How to cite Take Home Final Exam, Papers

International Expansion Of An Australian Juice Company - samples

Question: Discuss about the International Expansion Of An Australian Juice Company. Answer: Introduction International marketing is a good opportunity for the domestic business organizations, as this allows them to explore new markets in the host countries and increase the customer base. As the demand and expectations of the customers in the host country changes with time, the market becomes saturated thereby, stalling the business (Killing 2012). Therefore, international expansion is the best option business organizations can avail for sustaining in the competitive market. This report highlights the international expansion of an Australian juice company of named The Daily Juice Company in the UK. The Daily Juice Company used to manufacture orange juice solely since their establishment. Additionally, the report also consists of the target customers, product positioning, and the suitable market entry strategy. The Daily Juice The Daily Juice is an Australian juice company that produced only orange juices when the company started. The company started in 1989 with only 12 people committed to a big vision. The vision of the company was to produce delicious orange juice that melts in the mouth of the customers. Since the establishment of the company, the orange juice of the company has been highly favored by the Australian customers. As the demand for the orange juice increased over the years in the Australian market, they introduced new fruit juices in their collection. The different types of juices produced by The Daily Company include Nourish Berry, Nourish Green and Nourish orange. The juices produced by the company come in the family pack as well as breakfast bottles. The Daily Juice Company has successfully served the Australian market for the past 25 years and has become a well-loved staple in the Australian household (Dailyjuice.com.au, 2017). PESTLE analysis justifying the selection of the UK Political Stable political environment Proactive government working towards the betterment of the country Economical Worlds 6th largest economy Worlds first industrialized country Social High rate of obesity Unhealthy lifestyle Technological Leading center of scientific revolution Extensive use of technology in daily life Legal Change of legal policies after Brexit Suitable tax policies Environmental Renewable energy market Sustainable business options Political: The UK is the country with stable political environment thereby, facilitating foreign investors and business organizations. The political scenario of the UK hardly signifies any corruption, as the political decisions of the country are still influenced by the British monarchy. Moreover, the proactive nature of the government makes it feasible for the international investors and business organizations. The government of the country is readily involved for the betterment of the country and the people (Howarth and Quaglia 2013). Therefore, launching of healthy fruit juice by the Australian company will be completely supported by the UK government. Economical: The UK has the sixth largest economy in the world that is extremely stabilized since the past years. Moreover, the UK is one of the first industrialized countries in the world thereby, making it one of the most suitable options for foreign investors and international business organizations. According to reports, the current GDP of the UK is $2.62 trillion thereby, facilitating the growth of various business organizations (Bateman et al. 2014). Social: The social environment of the UK states high rate of obesity and different types of diseases. This is due to the unhealthy lifestyle of the country along with lack of awareness about a healthy lifestyle. Moreover, the majority of the UK population depends on fast food that thereby, resulting in high-calorie intake (Buccafurri et al. 2013). Therefore, the unhealthy eating habits of the country provide suitable opportunities for business organizations providing healthy food options. Additionally, the UK is the country with highest literacy rate. Technological: The UK is the country that has facilitated most scientific innovations over the years. The use of technology in the UK is highly facilitated that is beneficial for the business organizations and the foreign investors. The technological advancements of the UK can be used by the foreign business organizations to explore the market thereby, expanding the business by increasing the customer base. Moreover, competition with the companies of the host country is also possible due to technological advancements of the country (Keirstead et al. 2012). Legal: The legal framework of the UK is strict thereby, making it difficult for the international business organizations. The foreign business organizations need to pay taxes that are considerably higher compared to the tax of pay by the local companies. The international business organizations need to maintain the intellectual property rights strictly for conducting business in the UK (Aiyar, Calomiris and Wieladek 2014). However, after Brexit, there have been some changes in the legal policies in the UK for the foreign investors and business organizations that might be difficult to follow. Environmental: The UK government favors sustainable business opportunities that are beneficial for the environment as well as for the people. The UK is the country that is highly concerned with environmental preservation and has undertaken various steps for the benefit of the environment (Keirstead et al. 2012). Target customers in the UK Reports suggest that majority of the people in the UK are living an unhealthy lifestyle and consume mainly fast foods. As a result, obesity and various diseases due to unhealthy eating and living habits are noticed in the UK with a staggering 24.9% (Nhs.uk, 2017). According to reports, in 2014, around 65% of men and 58% of women were obese in the UK that indicated almost 26% increment of obese people in 2014. Additionally, more than one child in every five children has been diagnosed with obesity (Health and Social Care Information Centre, 2017). Based on the current statistics of the UK, the target customers of The Daily Juice Company includes the children, young adults, and adults. As unhealthy lifestyle is noticed within the majority of the UK population, the company has selected a wide range of target customers. Therefore, the healthy properties of the juice along with the availability of different fruit flavors will help in attracting the target customers in the UK. Product Positioning As the UK has previously existed and established healthy fruit juices for the people, The Daily Juice Company needs to position the Nourish Green and Nourish orange fruit juice in a way that helps in attracting the majority of the customers. Initially, providing free samples of the new product to the people is the best option (Sweeting 2013). The employees of the company can set a stall in a market place and provide free samples of the juice to the customers. This will allow the company to reach out large number customers of different ages thereby, communicating with the customers personally. This will help the customers in gaining a better understanding of the healthy properties of the product thereby, influencing their purchase decision. Moreover, the company can distribute brochures containing the details of the products along with advertising both Nourish Green and Nourish orange through television, newspapers, and billboards (Huettl and Gierl 2012). This will help in letting the customer know the health benefits and effects of the product thereby, influencing their purchase decision. Suitable market entry Based on the analysis of the UK market, The Daily Company has decided to enter the UK market by using franchising as the market entry strategy. As commented by Ogutu and Samuel (2012), franchising is defined as the type of ownership in which different owners shares a single brand name. Therefore, The Daily Juice Company will allow the franchisee to use their strategy and trademark in exchange of monetary terms. Therefore, the franchisee of The Daily Juice Company will have to pay some initial fees and royalties based on the generated revenues. However, as a part of the franchise agreement, The Daily Juice Company will provide required support such as training and advertising to the franchisee. As franchising is a cheaper and faster form of expansion than owning new stores in the UK, The Daily Juice Company has selected this market entry strategy (Leitmannslehner and Windsperger 2012). Conclusion In this report, it can be concluded that, after serving the Australian market since the establishment, The Daily Juice Company has decided to emphasize on international expansion. Based on the rate of the unhealthy lifestyle, obesity, and diseases, The Daily Fruit Juice Company has decided to expand their business in the UK. After analyzing the UK environment, the company has observed proactive nature of the government along with the potential requirement of healthy food options. The company has also observed that unhealthy lifestyle is mostly practiced by among the children, young adults, and the adults. Therefore, based on the food habits, the company has selected children, young adults, and adults as the target customers. The launch of delicious and flavor some fruit juice will provide a healthy alternative for the customers. In order to make a mark and attract the attention of the potential customers, the company will communicate the products to the customer by providing them fre e samples of the fruit juice along with advertising it. The Australian company selects franchising as the market entry mode, as it is cheaper and easy to expand. References Aiyar, S., Calomiris, C.W. and Wieladek, T., 2014. Does Macro?Prudential Regulation Leak? Evidence from a UK Policy Experiment. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 46(s1), pp.181-214. Bateman, I.J., Harwood, A.R., Abson, D.J., Andrews, B., Crowe, A., Dugdale, S., Fezzi, C., Foden, J., Hadley, D., Haines-Young, R. and Hulme, M., 2014. Economic analysis for the UK national ecosystem assessment: synthesis and scenario valuation of changes in ecosystem services. Environmental and Resource Economics, 57(2), pp.273-297. Buccafurri, F., Foti, V.D., Lax, G., Nocera, A. and Ursino, D., 2013. Bridge analysis in a social internetworking scenario. Information Sciences, 224, pp.1-18. Dailyjuice.com.au. (2017). About Us Daily Juice. [online] Available at: https://dailyjuice.com.au/about-us [Accessed 6 Sep. 2017]. Health and Social Care Information Centre. (2017). Statistics on Obesity, Physical Activity and Diet. [online] Available at: https://content.digital.nhs.uk/catalogue/PUB20562/obes-phys-acti-diet-eng-2016-rep.pdf [Accessed 6 Sep. 2017]. Howarth, D. and Quaglia, L., 2013. Banking on stability: the political economy of new capital requirements in the European Union. Journal of European Integration, 35(3), pp.333-346. Huettl, V. and Gierl, H., 2012. Visual art in advertising: The effects of utilitarian vs. hedonic product positioning and price information. Marketing Letters, 23(3), pp.893-904. Keirstead, J., Samsatli, N., Pantaleo, A.M. and Shah, N., 2012. Evaluating biomass energy strategies for a UK eco-town with an MILP optimization model. biomass and bioenergy, 39, pp.306-316. Killing, P., 2012. Strategies for joint venture success (RLE international business) (Vol. 22). Routledge. Leitmannslehner, S. and Windsperger, J., 2012. Contractibility, Strategy, and Network Dynamics: From Franchising to Licensing. Journal ofMarketing Channels, 19(4), pp.229-249. Nhs.uk. (2017). Britain: 'the fat man of Europe' - Live Well - NHS Choices. [online] Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/loseweight/Pages/statistics-and-causes-of-the-obesity-epidemic-in-the-UK.aspx [Accessed 6 Sep. 2017]. Ogutu, M. and Samuel, C.M., 2012. Strategies adopted by multinational corporations to cope with competition in Kenya. DBA Africa Management Review, 2(3), pp.69-82. Sweeting, A., 2013. Dynamic product positioning in differentiated product markets: The effect of fees for musical performance rights on the commercial radio industry. Econometrica, 81(5), pp.1763-1803.

Internee Report free essay sample

His guidance, advice and cooperation helped me to complete this report successfully. I would also like to express my heartiest appreciation and felicitation to all the Managers and officers of Credit and Investment Division, LankaBangla Finance Limited; Specially Mr. Rashedul Haque, Mr. Mohammad Shoaib, Mr. Md. Moniruzzaman, Mr. Abu Hasan Masud Mr. Sifat Choudhury, Mr. Parvez Alam, Mr. Md. Tareque Anower Bin Rashid, Mr. Junaid Murshid, Mr. Sabbir Islam, Mr Mustafizur Rahman, Mr. Shamsul Arefin, Mrs. Ruma for their excellent support, guidance and full cooperation extended to me during my Internship period. Last but not the least, I also acknowledge my family members and friends for their support and encouragement throughout my internship period and also while preparing this report. Executive Summary The report represents the three months working experience on the LankaBangla Finance Limited, Head Office, Safura Tower, 20, Kemal Ataturk Avenue, Dhaka.This report will present a study of the â€Å"Lease Financing Practice and Policy of LankaBangla Finance Limited†. We will write a custom essay sample on Internee Report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The focal point of the study is to overview the whole activities of LBFL’s Lease Financing Services, to have idea about their policy regarding lease financing, to identify its strengths and weaknesses and to analyze its performance based on the available data. This report is divided into different parts. At first the background of the project, its significance, objectives and methodology along with the limitations encountered has been described.The next part carries the overview of LankaBangla Finance Limited including their Corporate Strategy and Policy, the services they provide, the functions of the â€Å"Credit and Investment Department† department, the performance analysis of LBFL’s â€Å"Lease Financing Practice† comparing to other Non bank financial institutions in Bangladesh. The report also provides some SWOT analysis on the services of LBFL. The report focuses on the over all operating policy and procedure of Lease operation of Credit and Investment Division It describes the whole lease financing cycle.

Information Sharing in Supply Chain

Information Sharing in Supply Chain Introduction Supply chain management refers to â€Å"the management of a network of interconnected businesses involved in the ultimate provision of product and service packages required by end customers†. It involves movement, as well as, storage of materials, stock of work-in-progress and final goods. Consequently, supply chain management involves several actors which include suppliers, retailers, and transporters among others.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Information Sharing in Supply Chain specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The effectiveness of the supply chain is contingent on the extent to which the businesses involved in it are able to plan and coordinate their activities. Coordination of supply chain activities is enhanced through effective and efficient flow of information. This means that participants in the supply chain must be able to share all the relevant information in order to enhance the competitiveness of the supply chain. Thus, a lot of technologies have been developed in the last two decades to enhance the flow of information in supply chain systems. Effective sharing of information in supply chain will be the focus of the proposed study. Purpose The proposed study will focus on the use of information technology in supply chain management. In particular, the broad objective of the study is to investigate the use of modern information technology to enhance effective and efficient sharing of information within a supply chain. The specific objectives of the study include the following. The first objective is to identify the technologies, currently, being used to enhance flow of information. The second objective is to investigate the factors that determine the use of modern technology to enhance sharing of information. The last objective is to analyze the benefits of using information technology in supply chain. The expected practical outcome of the study is to i nform policy formulation. In this context, the result, hopefully, will help organizations to formulate policies that will enable them to use modern technologies to share information. Additionally, the findings will advance knowledge by contributing to the literature on the use of information technology to share information in supply chain systems. Background The main objective of supply chain management is to enable an organization to offer the best customer services in targeted markets. Customers not only demand high quality goods, but also require such goods to be manufactured and delivered in time. Thus, organizations must effectively coordinate the receipt of raw materials, manufacturing of goods and dispatch of final goods.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In some cases, the quality of the goods can be compromised during transportation. This necessitat es effective sharing of information between the producers and the transporters about the quality of the goods. The customer service requirements in any given market are the basis for setting performance targets for the supply chain. In order to realize the expected level of customer service, all activities that do not add value should be eliminated from the supply chain. Thus, proper planning and synchronization of supply chain activities become apparent. Additionally, effective supply chain management facilitates optimization of supply chain investments and costs. It should enable organizations to deliver goods to the end customers at the least cost possible. Globally, most markets are characterized with intense competition and limited growth. Consequently, firms are focusing on cost cutting measures to enhance their effectiveness. Empirical studies reveal that adopting the right communication technology can help to reduce information costs significantly. Delivery of products often involves complex movements among several firms that make up the supply chain. Thus, inefficiency at any point in the chain translates into failure of the entire supply chain. All links within the supply chain are important since each link contributes to value addition and profitability. Due to lack of proper coordination or adequate resources, supply chain functions have traditionally been executed in isolation. This has always led to failures within supply chains. Consequently, it is important to recognize that the supply chain as â€Å"a whole is greater than the sum of its constituent parts†. The implication of this perspective is that all activities within the supply chain must be integrated through effective sharing of information. Thus, information management is the most important supply chain activity. This is because the movement of goods and money (payment for goods) is often initiated and facilitated by the relevant information. In this context, information technol ogy as a facilitator of information flow becomes an enabler of supply chain management.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Information Sharing in Supply Chain specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The importance of information in supply chain management has often been ignored. This is attributed to the fact that many agents in the supply chain lack a clear understanding of the value of information. The advancement in information and communication technology in the last two decades has led to a shift from paper based flow of information to electronic sharing of information. However, the factors that determine adoption of the modern information and communication technologies in supply chain management are still not well understood in academia and business cycles. Some empirical studies reveal that businesses are not likely to adopt a given technology if they do not understand its benefits. Constraints in technologica l transfer have been identified as one of the major factors contributing to poor understanding of the benefits of information technology in supply chain. In conclusion, three observations can be identified. First, effective and efficient sharing of information is necessary for improving supply chain management. Second, the factors that determine adoption of technologies that enhance sharing of information in supply chains are not well understood. Finally, the benefits associated with modern information technologies are not known to many firms. These observations justify the need for research on the use of information technology in supply chain management. Scope Given the objectives of the proposed study, a significant amount of time will be devoted to data collection and analysis. This is because data must be collected from participants who are located in different places. The study is expected to take three months. The fieldwork is expected to commence after the proposal is approve d. Prior to the fieldwork, two weeks will be spent on designing the data collection instrument. This will involve formulating the interview questions to be used during data collection. An additional two weeks will be spent on booking appointments with the participants. Data collection will be done in six weeks. Data analysis and preparation of the final report will be done in the remaining two weeks. Thirty managers in charge of supply chain activities will be recruited to participate in the study. The participants will be drawn from ten companies operating in different industries. Thus, a total of thirty interviews will be conducted to collect the required data.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Theoretical Framework Resource Based View (RBV) RBV is a theory used to identify a firm’s strategic resources and how such resources can be used to achieve competitive advantages. The RBV theory asserts that the competitive advantage of an organization is determined by the allocation of the organization’s valuable resources. A firm’s short run competitive advantage can be turned into a sustainable competitive advantage if the firm’s bundle of resources is heterogeneous and imperfectly mobile. Resources that meet the heterogeneity and imperfect mobility criteria are considered valuable. This is because such resources can not be imitated or sustained without great effort. Valuable resources can help a firm to consistently realize above average returns. In the context of supply chain management, information technology can be considered a resource. Thus, the RBV theory can be used to investigate the use of information technology in supply chain management in the following ways. First, a resource is valuable if it can enable a firm to formulate a strategy that creates value by minimizing the firm’s weaknesses or overcoming competition. Thus, the cost of investing in the resource should not exceed the expected returns. Determining the value of information technology will help in identifying its benefits in enhancing sharing of information in supply chain management. Second, a valuable resource should be rare. This means that the resource should not be available to majority of firms within an industry. Thus, this requirement is a basis for investigating the factors that determine access or use of information technology in supply chain management. Third, valuable resources should be in-imitable. A resource is expected to create competitive advantage if it is controlled by one or a few firms. Thus, this condition forms a basis for investigating determinants of access to information technology. Finally, a valuable resource should not b e substitutable. The implication of this requirement is that the benefits of information technology will no longer be a source of competitive advantage if competitors are able to counter its benefits using substitute technologies. Supply Chai n Integration Theory Supply chain integration describes the process of synchronizing all supply chain activities and linkages in order to achieve efficiency and effectiveness. Supply chain integration depends on two factors namely, linkage and alignment. Alignment illustrates the extent to which visions, goals and objectives are shared by participants in the supply chain. It ensures consistency in planning and decision making in supply chain management. Linkage describes the extent to which information can be shared and the level of interaction that planers and decision makers can engage in. linkage enhances the availability of information for decision making and the use of the same data throughout the supply chain. Linkage and alignment are ac hieved through the following factors. First, linkage and alignment can be achieved through communication and e-systems. Communication and e-systems include the technology used to gather and share information, as well as, the means of facilitating communication between decision makers. The e-system ensures â€Å"data availability, accuracy and timeliness†. Communication on the other hand enhances the use of information in decision making initiatives. Second, alignment and linkage can be achieved through organization and people. Organizational structures determine how individuals interact and share information in an organization. Important resources and relevant stakeholders can be excluded from the decision making process if the right organizational structure is not put in place. In this context, the employees’ skills and capabilities are central to achieving integration under the existing organizational structure. Third, alignment and linkage can be enhanced through tr ust. Trust affects people’s willingness to share information. In this case, the main concern is security over the given information. Finally, alignment and linkage can be achieved through metrics. This refers to the metrics and rewards that employees respond to in order to achieve the objectives of the supply chain. In conclusion, both RBV theory and supply chain integration theory emphasize the importance of sharing information in supply chain. Using these theories forms the basis for investigating the benefits and factors determining the use of information technology to share information in supply chain management. In particular, the theories help in formulating hypothesis for the study. For example, using the supply chain integration theory, we can hypothesize that information technology enhances timelines and accuracy of information. Method Research Design The proposed study will adopt a qualitative research design. Qualitative research is based on interpretative paradigm . According to the â€Å"interpretative paradigm, social reality is created and sustained through the subjective experience of people involved in communication†. The factors underpinning the choice of a qualitative design include the following. First, a qualitative research will facilitate a holistic study of the use of information technology in supply chain management. Second, it will facilitate the use of primary data. Through data collection methods such as interviews, the researcher is able to get first hand information on the research topic. Thus, the conclusions drawn from the data is likely to be reliable and accurate. Third, qualitative research enhances flexibility in the research activities such as data collection, analysis, as well as, interpretation. Flexibility will be needed in the proposed study to cater for unforeseeable risks that might limit the use of any of the proposed methods. Finally, qualitative research will facilitate an in-depth understanding of the research topic by allowing the researcher to interact with the participants. Variables and Measures The proposed study will focus on three variables namely, types of information technology, determinants of access/ use of information technology and benefits of information technology in supply chain management. Each of these variables has specific indicators that can be conceptualized as follows: Types of information technology: software, hardware and communication equipment Determinants of access or use of information technology: cost, skills, technology transfer, patents, research and development Benefits of information technology: cost benefits, timeliness of information, accuracy of information, performance of the supply chain Sampling Sampling refers to the process of identifying and recruiting the individuals who will participate in the study. The study will be conducted in ten companies based in New York. Three managers will be selected from each of the ten companies to part icipate in the study. Consequently, the total number of participants will be thirty. The stratified random sampling method will be used to recruit the participants. The companies will first be classified according to their industries. The list of companies will be obtained from industry databases. The industries to be considered in the study include retail, automobile, pharmaceutical, hospitality and food processing industry. Two companies will then be chosen randomly from each industry. Three managers will then be randomly chosen from each company to participate in the study. Choosing the companies through a stratified random method will help in achieving heterogeneity or representativeness. Consequently, it will be possible to use the conclusions of the study to make reliable generalization. Using a random method to select the companies and the participants also reduces bias in the recruitment process. This is because a random approach gives an equal opportunity to every participa nt or company to be selected. Data Collection Data collection refers to the process of gathering the data that is required for the study. Qualitative data will be collected through interviews. Structured questions will be used to guide the study. Unstructured questions that transpire during the interview will be used to obtain more information and to seek clarifications on answers. Additionally, probes will be used to seek more information from the participants. The interviews will be audio-taped to enhance data analysis. The choice of interviews is justified by the fact that interviews enable the researcher to clarify any question that might be ambiguous or seek clarifications on any answer that might be ambiguous. Additionally, interviews are easy to use and facilitate access to first hand information. Data Analysis The analysis will begin with transcribing the collected. The transcribed data will then be coded into themes. In this context, coding involves identifying and labeling similar words, as well as, phrases mentioned by the participants. Appropriate themes will be used in the labeling process. The themes will be used to make generalization about the research topic. Finally, interpretations will be made based on existing literature about the research topic and the adopted theoretical framework. Simple descriptive statistics will also be used in the analysis process. The final results and conclusions will be presented in the form of a report. Limitations The ability to complete the study or to make reliable conclusions will be limited under the following circumstances. First, the subjective nature of qualitative research is likely to compromise the reliability of the conclusions if the participants fail to give correct information. It is usually very difficult to authenticate the information collected through interviews. Thus, if the interviewees fail to give correct information, the findings of the research will not be reliable. Second, replicating th e study will require collecting data from the same respondents and companies. Thus, replication will not be possible if any of the respondents or companies refuse to participate in subsequent studies. Third, the in-depth analysis associated with qualitative research limits the scope of the study in terms of the number of participants that can be interviewed. Finally, lack of adequate resources will make it impossible to carryout or complete the study. For instance, interviewing the participants is expensive due to the travelling costs associated with it. Thus, lack of enough financial resources will negatively impact data collection. Conclusion The proposed study aims at investigating the use of information technology to enhance sharing of information in supply chain management. The objectives of the study include identifying the information technologies, currently, being used, the factors determining the use of information technology and the benefits of information technology in su pply chain management. The study will adopt the resource based view and the supply chain integration theoretical underpinnings to investigate the research topic. Additionally, the research will adopt a qualitative design, and data will be collected through interviews. The results of the study are expected to inform policy formulation and to advance knowledge by contributing to the literature on the use of information technology in supply chain management. References Blanchard, D., 2007. Supply Chain Management. New York: John Wiley and Sons. Larsen, T., 2005. Supply Chain Management. New York: CBS Press. McBurney, D., 2009. Research Methods. New York: Cengage Learning. McNeil, P., 2005. Research Methods. New York: Routledge. Mentzer, J., 2001. Supply Chain Management. New York: Sage Publishers

Extraneous vs. Superfluous

Extraneous vs. Superfluous Extraneous vs. Superfluous Extraneous vs. Superfluous By Mark Nichol What’s the difference between extraneous and superfluous? Are they redundant to each other, and how do these terms relate to redundant and other synonyms? Extraneous, which stems from the Latin term extraneus (related to strange), means â€Å"irrelevant† or â€Å"nonessential, or â€Å"coming from or existing outside.† Extravagant means â€Å"beyond what is reasonable or appropriate,† with multiple corollary senses having to do with such qualities as cost or decoration; its second element is related to vagary and vagrant and means â€Å"wandering,† so the literal translation is â€Å"going beyond.† Extrinsic (from a Latin word meaning â€Å"from without†) is a direct synonym of extraneous. Superfluous (from Latin, and literally meaning â€Å"overflowing† the second part of the compound is related to fluid) means â€Å"extra, more than is necessary.† Supererogatory is identical in meaning to superfluous, with an additional sense of â€Å"done beyond what is required.† Supernumerary means â€Å"exceeding the usual,† â€Å"more numerous,† or â€Å"not what is usually included†; it is also used in noun form to refer to an extra person, especially in theater as a more formal equivalent of the film-production slang extra. The second element is from the same Latin term from which numeral and number are derived. Redundant has the same literal meaning as superfluous the second part of the compound is related to wave and is seen, slightly altered, in the word inundation and the identical basic connotation, though it also has the senses of repetition, abundance, or extravagance, or duplication as a safety measure. More quotidian synonyms include excess, spare, and surplus. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to use "on" and when to use "in"Story Writing 101

Gangs and gang behavior - week 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Gangs and gang behavior - week 5 - Essay Example disruptive conduct disorders before entry into school system (Kalb &Loeber, 2003) and, according to Loeber and Farrington (2001), these problems develop later during growth. The later theory is backed by Vaughn and colleagues (2009), who argue that children become more exposed to an array of risks during the elementary period and onward and also argue that children get more vulnerable to bad peer influences outdoor. In other cases, some theories do not highlight other potential causes of this problem of gang involvement, for example, Loeber, Farrington and Petechuk (2003) including Tremblay (2003) discover that concentrated disadvantages obstruct socialization of juveniles. Loeber and Farrington (2001) talk about relevant family variables present at the preschool level, low social resources and a number of family hitches inclusive. On another account, Pogarsky, Lizotte and Thornberry (2003) identified broken families, parental delinquency, poor child management, abuse, grave matrimonial conflicts and inexperienced young motherhood. With regards to the above, it is vivid to see that other theories actually forget to put into account other relevant factors. In another analysis, theories contend for example Kroneman, Loeber and Hipwell (2004) who strongly assimilate societal poverty with behavioral problem and specifically girls, Hipwell (2002) as well as Wei (2005) make a conclusion regarding the same theory highlighting girls become the most affected in disadvantaged neighborhoods. Some factors are common across all the four developmental stages as well as the theories, therefore, this means that a single theory can be developed out of all the theories with respect to the developmental stages of a

The Educational System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Educational System - Essay Example The employees as a result, are left to virtually fend for themselves. "General Rule: The State and its agencies, departments and political subdivisions are not liable for the tortuous conduct of their employees," (Evans p.3). The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act is described as, "a United States federal law that governs how states and public agencies provide early intervention, special education, and related services to children with disabilities. It addresses the educational needs of children with disabilities from birth to the age of 21.[1] ," Adding that, "The IDEA is considered to be a civil rights law. However, states are not required to participate. As an incentive and to assist states in complying with its requirements, IDEA makes funds available to states that adopt at least the minimum policies and procedures specified in the IDEA regarding the education of children with disabilities. Since its inception, all states have chosen to participate. The IDEA was formerly known as the Education for All Handicapped Children Act but has grown considerably since. IDEA became a federal standard by an act of Congressional adoption in 1975 but has been amended many times since. The IDEA was most r ecently amended in 2004, which was a significant update," ("Individuals" p.1). The following are brief examples of some of the litigation that has come from this law; Schaffer v. Weast: On November 14, 2005, the Supreme Court held in Schaffer v. Weast, 126 S.Ct. 528, that moving parties in a placement challenge hold the burden of persuasion. While this is an accord with the usual legal thinking, the moving party is almost always the parents of a child. Arlington v. Murphy: On June 26, 2006 the Supreme Court held in Arlington v. Murphy, 126 S.Ct. 2455, that prevailing parents may not recover expert witness fees as part of the costs under 20 U.S.C. 1415(i)(3)(B). ("Individuals" p.1). Such as with almost any other child, disciplinary action is a complex matter for any school official when it pertains to the students within their school system. For the discipline of a student that happens to have a disability, "Pursuant to IDEA, discipline of a child with a disability must take that disability into account. For example, if a child with Asperger syndrome is sensitive to loud noises, and if the child runs out of a room filled with loud noises, any discipline of that child for running out of the room must take into account the sensitivity and whether appropriate accommodations were in place. According to the United States Department of Education, for children with disabilities who have been suspended for 10 days total for each school year, including partial days, the local education agency (LEA) must hold a manifestation determination hearing within 10 school days of any decision to change the placement of a child with a

Healthy Lifestyle Essay Example for Free

Healthy Lifestyle Essay Regular exercise is essential for good health. It tones the muscles, strengthens the bones and makes the heart and lungs work better. Exercise also helps to relieve stress. The most beneficial type of exercise is aerobics. Aerobic exercises, in the form of jogging, cycling and lap swimming, strengthens the heart. It is important to choose a form of exercise that we enjoy. It could be dancing or just walking. As long as we do it regularly, we will be fit. People who are fit enjoy life more because they can join in any kind of activity. To maintain a healthy life, it is necessary to develop good diet habits. Balance your choices of food. It is not that we have to give up our favourite food. We just have to be smart about how often and how much of it we eat. Our body needs nutrients like proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals. Balancing food choices will help us get all these nutrients. Avoid eating junk food or processed food which is high in sugar or salt content. Developing good health habits are important if we want to keep healthy. Don’t smoke, avoid excessive alcohol intake and keep moderate hours. Go to bed early and wake up early. Work hard and play hard too. Have a positive attitude towards people and work. Half-yearly dental check-ups are also necessary to maintain dental health. Being overweight can lead to a lot of health problems. We can suffer from heart disease, high blood pressure and so on. Weight control requires conscious effort and self control. Diet and exercise play the most important role in weight control. Make sure exercise is part of our daily programme. Watch the amount and type of food we eat. Health is pleasurable; ill health is miserable. There are other threats to health but if we remember the points mentioned above, we should enjoy good health.

Feminist Literary Criticism and Lysistrata Essay -- Literary Analysis,

Classically, women playwrights are almost completely absent. There were virtually no women writers at all up until at least the seventeenth century. This fact originally led feminist critics to disregard the classical period. In an article titled â€Å"Classical Drag: The Greek Creation of Female Parts,† Sue Ellen Case states that because â€Å"traditional scholarship has focused on evidence related to written texts, the absence of women playwrights became central to early feminist investigations† (132). Despite this absence of female writers, feminist critics analyze the role of women in ancient Greece in other ways. Recently, feminist writers have been able to delve further into the classical period by examining female characters from the works of male playwrights. The construction of women in male literature is extremely important. Peter Barry, in his chapter on feminist literary criticism in his book Beginning Theory: An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory, asserts that observing the female characters in works by men is important because it provides â€Å"role models which indicated to women, and men, what constituted acceptable version of the ‘feminine’ and legitimate feminine goals and aspirations† (122). Looking into the roles of the women within the works helps us determine the kind of role women and men occupy in relation to each other in addition to the personal characteristics of the women. This insight into the relations between men and women adds a new layer of knowledge for feminist critics. The depiction of women by women writers differs greatly from the depiction of women by male writers. Women, as represented by men, represent stereotypes of actual women. That is, â€Å"the feminist critic may assume that the images of... ...ial and cultural evidence of the role of women in ancient Greece. Despite the fact that he is indeed a man, Aristophanes does a good job capturing certain aspects of his female characters: their drive to succeed, their natural coquettishness, the general desire to end war diplomatically, and their devout servitude to the gods. Aristophanes also has a very firm grasp of the social situation of women in his time. For example, he knows where the line of rebellion would be drawn: if the husbands forced the wives into having sex, they must relent. He knows how the ultimately defer to their husbands’ judgment, particularly in political matters. Lastly, he knows that their concerns are chiefly domestic. However, he generally misunderstands or misrepresents many aspects of the female character. The feminist literary critic would be quick to point these discrepancies out.

Obama’s Speech rhetorical analysis Essay

In his awaited response to Chicago pastor, Jeremiah Wright’s uncivil outburst, Barrack Obama puts to shame the hasteful denunciations from Americans. He creates redemption for Wright’s actions which produces an emotional appeal with his citizens. Ushered forward by Obama is the back story of Reverend Wright,- something Obama’s audience had been comfortably oblivious to until now- his hardships, victories, and benevolent deeds that reveal his true nature; not the one of ill nature or ignorance that one might think otherwise. But, before President Obama can do this, he must give himself a sense of credibility through sharing a portion of his own backstory. In the 6th paragraph of Obama’s speech, he introduces a small yet personal synopsis of his family’s story. He acknowledges the role that the United States has played in Obama’s kin, and his own, journey â€Å"And for as long as I live†¦ my story is even possible.† (paragraph 6, lines 7-8) Although, he says â€Å"my story,† Obama is rhetorically telling his audience the United States of America is the sole place where almost anything can be accomplished, no matter how unfeasible the quest; many grown Americans are able to connect to this one statement because America, the land of the brave and free, is the reason they have their own â€Å"my story.† He confirms this notion in lines 9 and 10 of the same paragraph,â€Å"this nation is more†¦ we are truly one.† Obama’s mixed race that he identifies in this paragraph(6) sets up as an anecdote used 15 paragraphs later. â€Å"I can no more disown him than†¦ stereotypes that made me cringe.† (paragraph 21, lines 1-5) President Obama makes the point of acquainting with the â€Å"black community† before introducing his white grandmother. His verbal gesture emphasizes neither is above the other and reinforces his racial credibility. The president qualifies his beloved grandma as an illustration that demonstrates how even though loved ones have the occasional slip-ups, they should not be grounds to break ties. Obama captures his audience in a thought bubble where they decide if a loved one has more rights than other humans. â€Å"These people are part of me. And†¦ this country that I love.† (paragraph 22) This succeeding line to his grandmother anecdote continues  the flow and thoughts gathered from paragraph 6 that says Americans are independently â€Å"One† with each other if they overcome simplistic prejudices. At the time Obama makes his speech he fights two battles: a battle of the polls and one of morality, but not just Reverend’s ethics, all Americans for the past 221 years are included. â€Å"The press has scoured†¦ black and brown as well.† (paragraph 7, lines 7-9) The President draws a parallel that indicates ideas of racial inequality is something that will exist no matter the society. Obama seeks to change this. He looks to the young and new generations to fulfill America’s true purpose- freedom. â€Å"what gives me the most hope is the next generation† (paragraph 43, line 4) President Obama looks to youth because they carry not the burdens of their ancestors as they are born into a more accepting world. American young are Obama’s (peaceful) Aryan race(s). Their appearance does not blend. They stand out from one another. Yet  their minds blend more or less. And that is why they are perfect. Obama’s Aryan race is already on the move; Ashley Baia is one of his soldiers. President Obama shares Baia’s story from paragraph 44-47 and how she saw not in hues, but in virtue. â€Å"She sought out allies in her fight against injustice.† (paragraph 46, line 3) The relevance of Baia’s story presents itself when she asks her group members why they had joined her. All but one elderly black man has a specific reason. Obama shares the old man’s reason in antimetabole â€Å"And he doesn’t†¦ Barack Obama.† (paragraph 47, lines 4&5) The use of antimetabole in this context lowers the importance of the presented reasons enough to grasp all listener’s attention. â€Å"I am here because of Ashley.† said the old man; â€Å"I’m here because of Ashley.† said Obama. He repeats the same phrase but changes â€Å"I am† to â€Å"I’m.† The subtle change in punctuation makes his words feel like a whole different statement is being made-and there is. Obama is saying that Baia is an inspiration that has influenced him to this road of candidacy, and therefore has changed all of our lives. Ashley Baia ate mustard and relish sandwiches for a year. That was her sacrifice to injustice. Obama’s silent inquiry then establishes itself: What sacrifice have you made to combat injustice? America answered eight months later when Barack Obama became the first African American President of the United States.

Ethics, politics and bio-pedagogy in physical education teacher education: easing the tension between the self and the group Essay

Art is a skill that has aesthetic results. There are different types of art like music and paintings that are similar in composition in a way since they convey certain messages and demonstrates creativity. Therefore, there are general standards that artists agree to that constitutes art that assists in distinguishing suitable art from unsuitable one. Evaluation of a particular artwork depends on a number of qualities that the art may exhibit. However, there is controversy when it comes determining whether a particular artwork has artistic merits. Whereas ethics is acceptable standards, people live by. More often than not, we disagree with ethical theories though we can all identify an unethical deed when we see one. Tower (2011) says that the values that distinguish noble art from awful art are as a result of reasons hence easy to reach an agreement about whereas evaluating a particular artwork depends solely on the individual’s emotion feelings which normally differ hence is bound to bring about conflict . In the case of ethics, however, the alternative is true since theories result from peoples’ feelings about specific ethical standards hence bound to bring conflict as everyone will interpret the situation differently but we all recognize an action that is unethical when we see one because there are undoubtable reasons to explain their relevance to the society (Coast, 2009). Art is open to debate, based on the fact we are all unique (Coast, 2009). What your neighbor prefers and likes might not be what appeals to you and that is the reason for the rise in different opinions when it comes to judging a particular artwork. The work is exposed to critics from anyone, and its judgment depends on the individual’s taste and preference that are uncontrollable. As much as people may accept the artwork the fact remains that not everyone would be on board with that decision. This is because the work may meet most of the general art standards such communicating the intended message appropriately but may fail to impress others maybe be due to visual impression in case it is a painting (Coast, 2009). Camacho & Fernandez (2006) agrees that reaching a consensus on issues that distinguishing noble art from bad awful art is less complicated since they consider a number of factors all directed to the importance of art in the society however deciding whether a particular art portrays artistic merits may result to dispute since there is difference in the interpretation of those standards when evaluating an individual’s work. For instance, artists agree that good art ought to exhibit a high level of the creativity, capture imagination as well as convey the message clearly and appropriately. However, people differed with the judgment of the film, Wonderful Life and Miracle on 34th Street directed by Bob Clark, because they were not able to come to an agreement concerning whether the message was clear for the audience intended and the degree of creativity. The standards dictate that a good art should be timeless, but people could not come to an agreement whether this film would stil l be relevant in the future since the society is dynamic. This is a clear indication that the application of these principles is not clear hence results to disputes. However in the case of ethics, the converse is true. Interpretations of ethical theories depends on individual’s perspective hence may result in disagreement due to different opinions but an unethical act is easy to spot. Indeed, we may agree to general standards in the in the arts but disagree as to whether a particular work has artistic merits. However, when it comes to ethics may disagree with ethical theories but know an unethical action when we see one. This is because, general art standards are facts and determining the value of a particular artwork requires application of these general standards that depends on Individual’s taste and preferences hence brought about by the unique nature of humans is bound to create controversy just as in the case of ethics, ethical standards are facts based on the acceptable moral behavior and ethical theories are notions that can be interpreted differently hence results to controversy. Moreover, the values that distinguish good art, and bad art are subjected to reason while evaluation of a particular art is subjected to emotions that are the opposite when it comes to ethics. References Camacho, A. S., & Fernandez Balboa, J. (2006). Ethics, politics and bio-pedagogy in physical education teacher education: easing the tension between the self and the group. Sport Education and Society. doi: 10.1080/13573320500255023 Coats, A. J. (2009). Ethical Authorship and Publishing. International Journal of Cardiology. Doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.11.048 Tower C.N. (2011). An Evaluation of compositions for wind band according to specific criteria of serious artistic merits: A second update. Source document

Water Pollution in Vietnam Essays

Water Pollution in Vietnam Essays Water Pollution in Vietnam Paper Water Pollution in Vietnam Paper Essay Topic: Water pollution With the rapid growth of industrialization in urban cities, the water around them is getting more and more polluted. One time casually crossed by To Lick River, one of the big rivers in the capital Hanoi, behind the industrial zone. The river water there was polluted seriously and smelt really fetid. A lot of small fishes and other sea creatures were dead and floating on the surface of the river. I was thinking about how people could live near such a polluted environment and eat those poison fishes. They might be in danger. I then topped thinking and went away because that smell made me nauseated. That was the ordeal. However, the rapid growth of industrialization is not the only cause that leads to water pollution in Hanoi; climate changes and using old-dated technology to treat water also impact significantly on the quality of water. Water pollution has left huge problems in Hanoi. Above all, it affects heath negatively because the polluted water sources may produce an increase in disease such as respiratory diseases, water-borne diseases and intestinal sickness among people who live near that polluted environment. Yet, it also affects other economic activities such as agriculture, aquatic sports, fishery and tourism; and threatens the ecosystem. If water pollution gets more serious in the future, it is going to affect the development of economy and society. So, my motivation for doing this research is that I want people to be aware of how serious this issue in Hanoi by presenting some problems regarding to water pollution that Hanoi; besides, I also present some programs or solutions, both effectively and ineffectively, which Hanoi authorities has carried out. First of all, Hanoi is big city with the rapid growth of industrialization. However, this growth has produced a big problem concerning water pollution. Hanoi is listed among ten cities in the world with the highest level of water pollution (Health and Environment: Vietnam to Spend par. 4). The problem is showed clearly in the article Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in River Water of Hanoi, Vietnam Using Multivariate analyses written by Chichi et al. According to the authors, high concentrations of several toxic heavy metals such as Cd, As, Cue, Zen, BP are detected in the water of Nine River and one of its tributaries, the To Lick River, in Hanoi. It is caused by untreated domestic and industrial wastewater charged into the rivers from the factories of mechanical engineering rubber, soap, tobacco, paper and metal located along these rivers. Relating to the problem that stated above, another researcher claims that Hanoi is facing the threat of arsenic pollution originated from underground water, rivers water, ponds water and lakes water. The concentrations of arsenic in the river significantly exceeded the Vietnamese drink king water standard for arsenic (Bang et al 466). According to Rural people provided with water filters to prevent arsenic poisoning, up to 21 percent Of Vietnamese population are exposed to arsenic in drinking water at a level above the acceptable 1 Poop (or 0. 01 MGM of arsenic per liter) recommended by the World Health Organization. Water containing arsenic at high level would cause many serious disease including skin cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, inborn deformities. Besides industrialization, climate change is also one of the causes resulting in water pollution. According to Seminar seeks solutions, the elements of climate changes are changes in temperature, water flows, the transformation of pollutant at catchments and rising sea levels. These changes affect the eater quality significantly. To cope with this problem, Hanoi, December 23 (VAN) The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on December 23 held a seminar discussing climate changes impacts on water resources in Vietnam and measures to reduce water pollution and maintain aquatic ecosystems (Seminar seeks solutions par. 1). Dry. Dang HTH Lana Hung from the Department of Water Resources Management states Vietnam should consider recommendations issued by the US in its global climate change research programs to timely deal with climate changes impacts on water resources (CTD in Seminar par. 3). According to Hung, the country should creates water management policies so as to use water resources effectively and efficiently and should study methods to treat and reuse Wastewater and desalinate sea water along with improving a legal framework for water management and distribution. Water pollution doesnt only happen in urban centers, but also happens in craft villages in Hanoi. The main cause leading to water pollution in craft villages is that traditional craft villages still currently use old-fashioned technology, causing water pollution and harm the human health. The water around there has been seriously polluted. The latest survey by the Hanoi University of Technology showed that 100% of the samples of wastewater from craft villages have excessive contents of toxic chemicals than the permitted levels (Health and Environment Vietnam Hanoi par. 1 1). In the craft villages, the number of people with serious diseases like cancer has risen in recent years. The city has carried out a lot of big projects on water treatment system for craft villages with the capacity of 1 cubic meters per day (Heath and Environment Vietnam Hanoi par. 7). Yet, to deal with this problem, Professor Dry Dang Kim Chi, Chair of the Vietnam Association for Environment Protection, stressed that local authorities should program craft villages development and demand to strictly follow the environment protection rules, rather than gathering strength on settling consequences (CTD. N Health and Environment Vietnam Hanoi par. 8). Also, Hanoi planned to carry out 35 from now until 2015 period for solving water pollution problem in craft villages in Hanoi. Nevertheless, those are not still proper solutions so far. Water pollution problems solving has still been a big question in craft villages to Hanoi authorities. To deal tit arsenic pollution, some communes of north ern Ha Name province have been provided with free-of-charge water filters to reduce the risk Of arsenic poisoning for the local population (Rural people). The filters are set up to remove toxins and retain useful mineral. The project was processed by The National Centre for Safe Water and Environmental Hygiene with the assistance from the United Nations Children Fund (EUNICE) in coordination with the HCI Ltd. Co, a Swiss invested company in Vietnam specializing in water treatment technologies (Rural people). That helps reduce significant amount of arsenic in water. The same problems concerning water pollution have also happened in other cities in Vietnam. The authorities have attempted to fix those problems. In Quant Name, a province in the middle of Vietnam, a seminar was held on March 25, 2009 in support of water pollution control project (Seminar seeks to improve par. 1 The project would be implemented in the central Quant Name and some provinces in the North. The project spent 330,000 USED to carry out with funding assistance from World Banks Institutional Development Fund (WIBNI). Environmental experts presented the important role of the media and local communities in support f water pollution control in Vietnam m. Another solution for water pollution control is the cooperation with another country. According to Vietnam, Mexico to raise cooperation in land management, water resources, Ministers Of the Environment and Natural Resources of Vietnam and Mexico had a meeting on the sidelines of united Nation Climate Change Conference, held in Mexico. During the meeting, both minister agreed that this cooperation between two countries would contribute to international efforts in managing water resources, protecting the environment and decreasing negative impacts of global climate changes (Vietnam, Mexico par. ). Another cooperative project concerning water pollution control was created by the Ho Chi Mini City University of Technology (HOCUS), Thailand-based Asian Institute of Technology (TIT) and the Institute National des Sciences Applied uses (INS) in France (Vietnam has potential par . 3). This project focused on developing local technical and research skills to promote membrane-based wastewater reuse activities in the country. The principle in membrane technology is the forced selective passage of solute or solvents through special membranes, resulting in separation of individual constituents in the influent. This project was coordinated by local authorities and nation government authorities and gave good results with treated water in some industrial zone in the South. The above studies show that Hanoi as well as other cities in Vietnam is facing serious threats from the polluted water sources caused by industrialization, old-dated technologies and climate changes. Among above causes, industrialization is the leading cause of water pollution. The factories which located along rivers have discharged untreated industrial wastewater into the rivers. It creates the high level of water elution by heavy metal and arsenic, which affect health negatively. Moreover, the traditional craft villages still currently use old-fashioned technologies to treat wastewater. The elements Of climate changes such as changes in temperature, water flows and rising sea levels affect the water quality significantly. Water pollution has left huge problems. It affects health negatively by causing many serious disease including respiratory disease, water-borne disease, intestinal sickness, skin cancer, liver cancer and lung cancer. In addition, it threatens the ecosystem and other economic activities such as agriculture, as attic sports, fishery and tourism. Vietnam authorities have attempted to find out the solutions to solve these problems. Vietnam carried out a lot of projects in coordination with foreign companies such as Swiss invested company to specialize in water treatment technologies with funding assistance from EUNICE. Another project was created by HOCUS, TIT, INS in France. Vietnam also received funding assistance from WIBNI. Furthermore, Vietnam cooperated with Mexico in managing water resources and decreasing negative impacts of global climate changes. However, those solutions are not enough to decrease the level of water elution significantly. In my opinion, needs to make more efforts on solving this problem by reinforcing and revising Law on Environmental Protection and Development. These laws should restrict the industrial factories from discharging untreated wastewater into rivers.

Examples of Images in Poetry, Fiction, and Nonfiction

Examples of Images in Poetry, Fiction, and Nonfiction An image is a representation in words of a sensory experience or of a person, place, or object that can be known by one or more of the senses.   In his book The Verbal Icon (1954), critic W.K. Wimsatt, Jr., observes that the verbal image which most fully realizes its verbal capacities is that which is not merely a bright picture (in the usual modern meaning of the term image) but also an interpretation of reality in its metaphoric and symbolic dimensions. Examples Far beyond her, a door standing ajar gave on what appeared to be a moonlit gallery but was really an abandoned, half-demolished, vast reception room with a broken outer wall, zigzag fissures in the floor, and a vast ghost of a gaping grand piano emitting, as if all by itself, spooky glissando twangs in the middle of the night.(Vladimir Nabokov, Ada, or Ardor: A Family Chronicle, 1969)In the shallows, the dark, water-soaked sticks and twigs, smooth and old, were undulating in clusters on the bottom against the clean ribbed sand, and the track of the mussel was plain. A school of minnows swam by, each minnow with its small individual shadow, doubling the attendance, so clear and sharp in the sunlight.(E.B. White, Once More to the Lake. One Mans Meat, 1942)Mr. Jaffe, the salesman from McKesson Robbins, arrives, trailing two mists: winter steaminess and the animal fog of his cigar, which melts into the coffee smell, the tarpaper smell, the eerie honeyed tangled drugstore smell.(Cynthia Ozick, A Drugstore in Winter. Art Ardor, 1983) That woman sitting on the stoop of an old brownstone house, her fat white knees spread apart- the man pushing the white brocade of his stomach out of a cab in front of a great hotel- the little man sipping root beer at a drugstore counter- the woman leaning over a stained mattress on the sill of a tenement window- the taxi driver parked on a corner- the lady with orchids, drunk at the table of a sidewalk cafe- the toothless woman selling chewing gum- the man in shirt sleeves, leaning against the door of a poolroom- they are my masters.(Ayn Rand, The Fountainhead. Bobbs Merrill, 1943)I should have been a pair of ragged clawsScuttling across the floors of silent seas.(T.S. Eliot, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, 1917)The train moved away so slowly butterflies blew in and out of the windows. (Truman Capote, A Ride Through Spain. The Dogs Bark. Random House, 1973)It is time for the babys birthday party: a white cake, strawberry-marshmallow ice cream, a bottle of champagne saved from another party. In the evening, after she has gone to sleep, I kneel beside the crib and touch her face, where it is pressed against the slats, with mine.(Joan Didion, Going Home. Slouching Towards Bethlehem. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1968 He clasps the crag with crooked hands;Close to the sun in lonely lands.Ringed with the azure world, he stands.The wrinkled sea beneath him crawls;He watches from his mountain walls,And like a thunderbolt he falls.(Alfred, Lord Tennyson, The EagleAmong the strangest illusions which have passed like a haze before my eyes, the strangest one of all is the following: a shaggy mug of a lion looms before me, as the howling hour strikes. I see before me yellow mouths of sand, from which a rough woolen coat is calmly looking at me. And then I see a face, and a shout is heard: Lion is coming.(Andrei Bely, The LionThe apparition of these faces in the crowd;Petals on a wet, black bough.(Ezra Pound, In a Station of the Metro)[Eva] rolled up to the window and it was then she saw Hannah burning. The flames from the yard fire were licking the blue cotton dress, making her dance. Eva knew there was time for nothing in this world other than the time it took to get there and cover her daughters body wi th her own. She lifted her heavy frame up on her good leg, and with fists and arms smashed the windowpane. Using her stump as a support on the window sill, her good leg as a lever, she threw herself out of the window. Cut and bleeding she clawed the air trying to aim her body toward the flaming, dancing figure. She missed and came crashing down some twelve feet from Hannahs smoke. Stunned but still conscious, Eva dragged herself toward her firstborn, but Hannah, her senses lost, went flying out of the yard gesturing and bobbing like a sprung jack-in-the- box.(Toni Morrison, Sula. Knopf, 1973 [In] summer the granite curbs starred with mica and the row houses differentiated by speckled bastard sidings and the hopeful small porches with their jigsaw brackets and gray milk-bottle boxes and the sooty ginkgo trees and the banking curbside cars wince beneath a brilliance like a frozen explosion.(John Updike, Rabbit Redux, 1971) Observations Images are not arguments, rarely even lead to proof, but the mind craves them, and, of late more than ever.(Henry Adams, The Education of Henry Adams, 1907)In general, emotional words, to be effective, must not be solely emotional. What expresses or stimulates emotions directly, without the intervention of an image or concept, expresses or stimulates it feebly.(C.S. Lewis, Studies in Words, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 1967) Images in Nonfiction ​Instinctively, we go to our store of private images and associations for our authority to speak of these weighty issues. We find, in our details and broken and obscured images, the language of symbol. Here memory impulsively reaches out its arms and embraces imagination. That is the resort to invention. It isnt a lie, but an act of necessity, as the innate urge to locate personal truth always is. (Patricia Hampl, Memory and Imagination. I Could Tell You Stories: Sojourns in the Land of Memory. W.W. Norton, 1999)In creative nonfiction you almost always have the choice of writing the summary (narrative) form, the dramatic (scenic) form, or some combination of the two. Because the dramatic method of writing provides the reader with a closer imitation of life than summary ever could, creative nonfiction writers frequently choose to write scenically. The writer wants vivid images to transfer into the mind of the reader after all, the strength of scenic writing lies in its ability to evoke sensual images. A scene is not some anonymous narrators report about what happened some time in the past; instead, it gives the feeling that the action is unfolding before the reader. (Theodore A. Rees Cheney, Writing Creative Nonfiction: Fiction Techniques for Crafting Great Nonfiction. Ten Speed Press, 2001)

Astronomy As a Natural Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Astronomy As a Natural Science - Essay Example The cosmology  encompasses the study of the universe as a whole. Such prehistoric cultures include the Nubian and Egyptian monuments and other early civilizations such as the Iranians, Maya, Chinese, Greeks, Babylonians and the Indians. There was the need to invent the telescope before astronomy made it into the modern science. Astronomy has historically included disciplines ranging from astrometry, observational astronomy, celestial navigation and the making of calendars (Trumper, pg. 11). Currently, astronomy is considered synonymous with astrophysics. In the twentieth century, astronomy split into theoretical and observational branches. Observation astronomy focus on acquiring data from various observations of astronomical objects that is then analyzed using basic principles of physics. On the other hand, theoretical astronomy is oriented towards computer development or analytical models that describe the astronomical phenomena and objects (Renner et al., pg. 618). Thomas Harrio t was the first person, four centuries ago, to look like a celestial object using a microscope. He used his simple Dutch trunk telescope to view the moon in the late 1600s and made drawings of the observations (Basu and Matzner, N. p. 115). Thomas was operating within the same time as Galileo and actually, Thomas did his observation before Galileo. Both Galileo and Thomas were astronomers. They spent time in studying celestial bodies more so the moon. They both developed an interest in studying the lunar. Unlike Galileo, Harriot did not publish his observational drawing though he was able to share his telescopic findings with a group of English correspondents. They both drew â€Å"moon maps† and they believed to be the geographical surface of the moon to be (Hyslop, pg. 293). The type of moon maps, in this case, is well illustrated in some literature writings such as in the School of Night where a letter is missing and the search result to the discovery of buried gold and cod ed maps (Bayard, 2010). This book was written in the 16th century. These coded maps are actually some of the drawings by Thomas and Galileo.

Homophobia in American Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Homophobia in American Culture - Essay Example Most of the religious groups in America oppose homosexuality at large and this has sparked a lot of debates in the recent days. Similarly America is a country which has people from all over the world living in it. And thus this causes the country to have more diversification in terms of religion, race and people. And most of the religions which exist in America object to homosexuality. This can be seen as a major source of Homophobia in America. On the other hand according to some people the act of homosexuality is filthy and perverted. Thus this act should be widely condemned according to these people. Different people belonging to different races in America have the belief that homosexuality is against the law of God and is creating an environment of filth in America. All these factors lead to the development of Homophobia in America. The fear developed by people in their hearts is causing them to treat the homosexuals unfairly. Thus it can also be said that Homophobia is also a ca use of discrimination in America. The issue of Homophobia is now being tackled by the relevant authorities and steps are being taken by them to ensure that the homosexuals are getting their basic rights. In my age group Homophobia is quite common due to the role of the media and different organizations.

International Trading Operation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

International Trading Operation - Essay Example Importance has been accorded to the application of modern design technology which provides premium product quality and extremely high practical interpretations of design themes. The company has a wide-ranging collection of competitive products which matches a broad spectrum of consumer tastes and needs. (The history of ceramic tile manufacturing and the formation of H&R Johnson) The market experience of H&R Johnson lets international design fashions to be converted into products which particularly fulfils the requirements of the customers of UK. The company is equipped with a nation-wide network of independent retailers and distributors, coupled with a major investment in logistics which facilitates providing extremely increased levels of customer service. Building on the achievements of the its first century, H&R Johnson has been subjected to sweeping changes in the course of the year to position itself as the front ranking company and innovator for the demands of the tile industry in the new millennium. The eventual objective of the company lies in providing with the consumer with the "total solution for tiles". (The history of ceramic tile manufacturing and the formation of H&R Johnson) Since Tiles find wide applications in almost every country, however some countries are found to be more favourable compared to others. Nevertheless, the major export markets of H&R Johnson are the Asia-Pacific rim, the Central Asian countries, the Middle East, Africa, Central/East Europe, Western Europe, North America, Central America and South America. H&R Johnson is the largest manufacturer of ceramic tiles in the UK with production of decorative and innovative tile design. The company is the designer, manufacturer and exporter of ceramic glazed and unglazed wall, floor tiles and fittings along with floor and wall tile adhesives, grouts and tile fixing systems. Since the bygone four years, more than 35 million pound has been invested in the development of a new completely mechanized manufacturing facility on a lone location on Strole-on-Trent. (Nature of Business) Ans3) Which product are you going to export H&R Johnson exports floor and wall tiles. The company range consists of 'ARTILE' which are ceramic glazed wall tile embellished with digital images. 'ASPECTS' is the well-known ceramic wall and floor tiles. 'CAMPBELLS' are tiles meant to be fixed around the fireplace. 'CRISTAL' brand consist of ceramic glazed wall and floor tiles as well as wall and floor tiles. The 'ELEMENTS' and 'FREEDOM' range are popular ceramic wall and floor tiles while H&R Johnson is wall and floor tiles and ceramic glazed wall and floor tiles. The 'JOHNSON PROFESIONAL' consists of tile fixing systems, whereas 'KERASTAR' are ceramic, porcelain floor and cladding tiles. 'MINTON HOLLINS' are ceramic wall tiles and period designs while NORCROS ADHESIVES are tile fixing systems. The PRISMAFIT range consists of ceramic fittings and coves. Finally, 'SENSATIONS' and 'SPIRIT' is one more premium brand of glazed wall tiles. (Nature of Business) Ans4) What kind of payment use eg: documentary credit/confirmed irrevocable letter of credit/ transferable letter of credit/ document collection/ cash payment advance and so on: Confirmed Irrevocable Letter of

Human dignity

Human dignity Human Dignity 1 Introduction Catholic Social Teaching is developed of both Sacred Scripture and the Natural Law custom. In the philosophical Natural Law, we have a vocabulary that tries to hold on reasons. To this the Natural law says and declares that all Human Beings have all have a broad spectrum of right and wrong. In fact, Thomas Aquinas reasons that â€Å"some goods are natural and evident to all†. This uniqueness of nature is the groundwork of the liberties and privileges of every human individual. Although some countries dont recognise these rights or privileges, these privileges are the dignity of a person from the moment of conception. The dignitys objective, derives from the origin in God and Creator, which extends to the spirituality of the soul which is an element key . Nobody can remove the spirituality of the soul, and everyone should have respect in others and in themselves. This spiritual element involves equal dignity and it lingers in each stage of in period of the personal human life. Natural dignity is recognised in the order, as like Vatican II reminds us: â€Å"Furthermore, while there are rightful differences between people, their equal dignity as persons demands that we strive for fairer and more humain conditions† Dignity is possessed by one who is a person or human, and therefore this is the distinction which animals differ from humans. For this reason, what shall be left of humans if dignity is taken away from them? In his Summa Teologica which was up to 2,000,000 words and still unfinished at the time of his death, Thomas Aquinas wrote: â€Å"Is in order perfect himself in his specific order, the person must do good and avoid evil. The person must also be concerned for the transmission and preservation of life, refine and develop the richness of the material world, cultivate social life, seek truth, practise well and contemplate beauty†. The natural law, is described, in so far, as natural right and in order for a human to achieve common good, one must have full esteem for human dignity. In the International Declarations we find the protection of ever human beings dignity. It gives essence of the rights of men and the assurance of equality. 2 What is Humanity? Humanity can be seen in many forms, forms which are opposite and conflicting which are put forward by many people. Humanity is also referred to as uncertainty and sorrow or distress and the Church shows it concern about these hitches, in fact the Church itself can propound a clarification by which the shape of humanity may be illustrated. The Church also explains the vulnerability and difficulty of humanity in a manner which the dignity and calling/vacation be professed in the divine, true light. In the Sacred Scriptures we see that it illustrates how women and men were created â€Å"in the image of God† What are women and men that you are mindful of them, their sons and daughters that you care for them? You have made them little less than angels, and crown them with glory and honour. You have given them dominion over the works of your hands; you have put all things under their feet (Ps 8:5-8). 1 3 Of the dignity of human person and law The essential nature of the fundamental right of the human person, and amongst them the primary right to life, seems to have always consisted of the fact that they can be neither conceded nor derogated by any human power. This is because these rights have their foundation not in an act of human will, but in the very nature and dignity of men. The exact dignity of a human person is frequentlu recognizable by the various human cultures that brought the light of the fundamental rights of the Universal Declaration. In the porous of the declaration on reads: â€Å"the recognition of the personal dignity and the equal and alienable rights of all the members of the human family constitute the basis of freedom and peace in the world† and â€Å"All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights† The dignity of a person is set out in many situations. Some Christian Anthropologists explain how a person seen in the image of God, possesses the dignity of a person and is to be respected and treated as a person from the very beginning of his conception till his death. For believers, an embryo has the dignity and the quality of a person, and it doesnt need to have achieved certain skills to have dignity. These principles mentioned are all principles believed of course, by beleivers who beleive in the Church and most of all in Christ. So what non-believers believe and think about human dignity, is difficult to be elucidated. Moral necessity also takes a major part in dignity as dignity is a unique excellence of values. For example animals are killed for specific reasons to be eaten by human beings, but if they are slaughtered or killed on order to take their fur for aesthetic purposes, then this goes against nature and the personal dignity forbids any such acts. The world has become a dangerous place. This is a fact. Human dignity gets into place in many circumstances. Every time we switch on our televisions or our radios, all we hear are; terrorism which creates a vicious cycle of violence, abduction, war, poverty, cases of natural catastrophes and people turning out without homes, racism and daily needs. Another issue of human dignity may also be the emancipation of a person by a state. For a man to live in dignity, it is precisely necessary that society never again obtains as an abstraction over and above the social individual. Even acts of inhuman and degradation especially in third world countries not to mention Sharia Laws in Iran, where women are put in shame, murdered brutally or worse are tortured, leaving a person partly inoperative. It is obvious that Human Dignity is not believed, thaught and exercised in every country, and in my opinion, lot of work among states, has to be finalised and put into effect, in order to stop these kinds of ridiculous atrocities. Pope announced these words on the 16th February, 2010, regarding human dignity,using these immemorable words: â€Å"Bioethical questions often throw light on the dignity of the person, a fundamental principle which faith in Jesus Christ, has always defended, especially when it is overlooked in dealings with the most simple and defenceless people. Bioethics, like any other discipline, needs guidelines capable of guaranteeing a coherent reading of the ethical questions which inevitably emerge when faced with possible conflicts of interpretation. In this space lies the normative call to natural moral law. Recognising human dignity as an inalienable right has its first foundation in that law unwritten by the hand of man but inscribed by God the Creator in mans heart which all juridical systems are called to recognise as inviolable, and all individuals to respect and promote. Without the basic principle of human dignity it would be difficult to find a wellspring for the rights of the person, and impossible to reach ethical judgements about those scientific advances which have a direct effect on human life. 2 4 On Children and their learning Education is a very important aspect of life. Education derives mostly from school although the surroundings of home takes a big part of it. Children like every human being, are not the same; every child is unique and distinctive, and so every child holds special qualities. During teaching in schools, there can be cases where the teacher, instead of being patient with a student and explains to him/her what the student is not understanding, the teacher mocks, criticizes etc.. the student. And so the child concerned undergoing this accusations and shalmless situation, is being deprived of his dignity. This is shameless as the concerned child/student will feel ashamed, angry and shuts down his thinking because he may be blamed for being ignorant. If the child is repetitively called ignorant or other names, he/she will grow up thinking with the perspective he/she is ignorant. When adults try to teach children by criticizing, lecturing, shaming, ridiculing, giving orders, screaming, threatening and hitting, it shuts down their thinking so they cant learn what the adult intended to teach them to do or not to do; they can only record what is being modelled.† 3 According to Kant: â€Å"Dignity is due to those who are above all price, with no equivalent permitted†. 5 On Poverty Quite interesting to note that about 34 million people in the USA, live below the poverty line, considering that USA is one of the richest countries in the world. What goes wrong the countries to create a large percentage of poverty? Researches and statistics show that there are three elements that the economy was sustained with, which are: the enormous increase in consumer debt, huge transfer of resources in the form of interest payments from debtor countries to Western Banks, and increase in military spending. Unemployment is also a face to poverty, and which it also caused by over population. Poverty to a certain extent, takes away the human dignity as one does not have enough money to supply their children and themselves with food and the daily needs. 6 On Human Trafficking In the case of Human Trafficking there is the Red Cross who tries to fight against it. Human trafficking victims most of the times do not consent or are not aware of what they will be going through, consequently falling into fraud, force and violence. Initially they are transported by means of land or marine means from all over the world, abducted or by means of deceit. It does not mean that humans are trafficked only for sexual exploitation and for the removal of organs but also for forced labour. In other words: â€Å"slavery†. Human trafficking victims most of the times do not consent or are not aware of what they will be going through. We also have modern slavery, where children work long hours and are prisoners to their employers, who enjoy their freedom. Human trafficking takes away all human dignity in every sense and one feels so dirty that it is also an issue of suicide and depression. 7 On the Capital Punishment In certain countries, like the U.S still apply the capital punishment. We humans fight so much for our life and dignity, so I say who are these people to be given the power to judge between life or death? A punishment is always a punishment when it is fair but a capital punishment is it a real adequate punishment? The answer as I see it is NO. And the reason is that I dont see it a measure to kill someone who has killed someone else. This person who is going to be executed will not have the time enough to think profoundly about his sin/s and may not have the possibility to change his lifestyle and maybe live a better life than before. Moreover God taught us humans to forgive. I understand that the state cannot â€Å"forgive† but I truly believe that the state shall keep in mind every humans dignity and punish every individual fairly. Another reason I dont agree, is the for the fact that some humans that undergo a capital punishment turned out later, which took also years, that they were innocent, lets take for example the execution of Carlos DeLuna which took place in Texas in 1989. New evidence after DeLuna was executed showed profound doubt that he was innocent. And like DeLuna are many more others. It interesting to note that the number of persons who were punished by the capital death in 2007, were 53; the lowest number of executions in a decade. Jesus said: Let anyone among you who is without sin, be the first to throw a stone at her. And once again he bent down and wrote on the ground. When they heard it, they went away, one by one, beginning with the elders; and Jesus was left alone with the woman standing before him. Jesus straightened up and said to her, Woman, where are they? Has no one condemned you? She said, No one, sir. And Jesus said, Neither do I condemn you. Go your way, and from now on do not sin again. (NRSV, John 8:7-11) 8 On Violence Violence integrates and is associated with many crimes and human dignities. It can derive from terrorism, form human trafficking, and from many other aspects which is also needed in order for a human to survive. I think that Violence is one of the most issues as an assault on Human Dignity. Violence is at different places. In several times it starts at home, and it can take forms of mental and physical. It can be at work and at school, which can fall in many common circumstances of bullying. An interesting fact is that violence is sometimes instigated by the media. To be more clear, a lot of children are exposed to the internet and television and most of the times the films and documentaries which are shown, contain in a way or another violence. Nowadays children no longer play in the streets and enjoy themselves with a small stuff but they are stuck to electronics. Funnily enough even a simple game of Playstation or a Computer Game is full of violence, and the more violence they contain, the happier and enthusiastic children become. Violence is a huge problem and the society, maybe without knowing, is instigating to bring along more violence and therefore less human dignity. The fact is that violence surrounds us in our everyday life even in schools where lately we have heard of violent children who assaulted their teachers and even their schoolmates, one who ripped open an eye of another with a pencil. And what can one say which is worse about the violence and hatred against the immigrants, and foreigners and persons with disability. Racism is also a major problem in which many people suffer because of violent attacks. Contrary to what I said before that many violent acts are also derived from the media, the media in itself is a beneficiary source for showing violence throughout the world. With the help of media and their report, one can make a viewer feel some sensationalism. In the Book â€Å"Violence† by Wolfgang Huber, he acknowledges equal dignity for all human beings and thus the respect for elementary human rights are inviolable principles of coexistence. Huber continues saying that in the Christian tradition and in the Jewish tradition, dignity of human beings is taken seriously only by those who respect the God-given equality of human beings. 9 On Racism â€Å"I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the colour of their skin but by the content of their character.†-Martin Luther King. Such delicate words as spoken by Martin Luther King, from my aspect, he perfectly shows his anger, rage and at the same it symbolizes his heart breaking and love. When Racism comes into act, and people are being racist towards other persons, it demonstrates that same people are not even in love with themselves. Explaining mysel when I say: â€Å"that people are not even in love with themselves†, because in order to start loving other persons which at the end are humans like each and every one of us, and show some concern about them, one must first learn to love themselves. It is hideous and strange, to see around us, families who adopt pets, and takes care of them, and then on the other hand, they cant even try to love nd help other humans! Racism can be labelled as domination, tyrannical, intolerance, discrimination, unfairness, and violence killings against other persons, or groups. Racism can be found in every country of the world, and it may start in schools. Although we live in 2011 and we are supposed to live in a socialised world and although our schools have developed and acheived better quality education, still the battle against Racism, seems to not have taken progress. The world is supposed to be working to reach a well balance congruent and harmonious humanity. The problem in Racism is vast, as many people do not only judge other humans on their apperance like skin clour, but also from the respective country they are coming from concerning also different religions and way of living. It is quite interesting in the History of racism, as it originates from people that were sold as slaves. Thse slaves were called so and were sold because they were of black colour. The period of 1619 till 1865, was a period when the Africana who lived in American were sold as slaves. They vere exposed to a lot of brutality and were not considered as human beings, but as an object and were forced to carry out forced labour. Every human has the right to participate in the community and trying to look for the common good. 4 Racism troops originates from the time of the Ku Klux Klan after the Civil War which was led by General Nathaniel Bedford Forrest. The aim of these groups were to threaten and intimidate slaves. The Ku Klux Klan were also known and remembered for the burning of the crosses and their violence against the slaves. It is said that today the members of the KKK are millions. Each and every one of us, in order to help defeat racism, should speak and integrate, in order to learn from a person who is suffering from racism. 10 On Employment All Human Beings have the right to work! All human beings who are employed shall have a fair wage and are in addition of social benefits. We know that Jesus spent all of his life working, and this helps us understand that a person shall be respected for who she is and not for the work she carries out or the position she has. At work places arises a lot of problems which goes against human dignity like bullying. Bullying could lead to a serious and frightful situation and consequences. This can lead to a great decrease in self-confidence. The dignities aim at work is to guarantee a working bond where everyone s treated with respect and dignity. Another problem which arises at work is the problem of migrants that are explicitly being abused by working very long hours and are not paid enough like every other employee, just because they are immigrants and are of dark colour. These people and many other people in other countries have also lack of policies and insufficient legislation, and apart from racism, this is discrimination. And I ask: â€Å"Do the authorities know about this major problem, and what are they doing in order o help improve the situation?† 11 So what can one do in order to help in achieving better conditions of human dignity? The protection of human dignity is not a non figurative concept. The Red Cross movement is an emergency response unit that takes immediate and physical action, and engages in long term initiatives to promote sustainable development. The human ability to prevent human dignity is nowadays at hazard and requires a lot of efforts. Conclusion Those who want to reveal human dignity must start to search too exist together at the same tme and in the same. This can not only bring to the agreement with the freedom of every individual but that also helps to unfold their freedom. I humbly believe that every human being has a dignity, and every human being should be respected and protected, as Human Dignity exactly means that every person deserves respect because every step of human life is precious and is worthy of having respect and protection and if a person is taken from him the right to life, the dignity automatically is taken away from him.